Use of many space models to create the complexity of the environment is useful when analysing networks. Some examples could be linear, Cartesian, three dimensional, n-dimensional, along with models of expanding and contracting environments, furthermore with the growth or decay of the beings in the network, allow for the various types of situations to be modelled to the specifications of the problem.
The network model original inventor was Charles Bachman, and it was developed into a standard specification published in 1969 by the CODASYL Consortium.
Network theory is an area of applied mathematics and part of graph theory. It has application in many disciplines including particle physics, computer science, biology, economics, operations research, and sociology. Network theory concerns itself with the study of graphs as a representation of either symmetric relations or, more generally, of asymmetric relations between discrete objects. Examples of which include logistical networks, the World Wide Web, gene regulatory networks, metabolic networks, social networks, epistemological networks, etc. See list of network theory topics for more examples.